Zvakajairwa Raw Materials muMapepa: A Comprehensive Guide

Papermaking iindasitiri inoremekedzwa nguva inovimba nemhando dzakasiyana siyana kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemapepa zvatinoshandisa zuva nezuva. Kubva pahuni kusvika pabepa rakadzokororwa, chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwakasiyana hunoita kuti kunaka uye kuita kwebepa rekupedzisira. Mugwaro rino, tichaongorora zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zviwanikwa mukugadzira mapepa, zvimiro zvefiber, goho remapulp, uye mashandisirwo.

Huni: The Traditional Staple

Huni ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanya kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mapepa, zvine mapoka maviri makuru: softwood uye hardwood.

Softwood

• Fiber Length: Kazhinji inotangira kubva 2.5 kusvika 4.5 mm.
• Pulp Yield: Pakati pe45% ne55%.
• Hunhu: Softwood fibers yakareba uye inoshanduka, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka pakugadzira mapepa ane simba guru. Kugona kwavo kuumba mapindiro akasimba kunoguma nebepa rine kusimba kwakanyanya uye kusimba kwesimba. Izvi zvinoita kuti softwood ive yekutanga mbishi zvinhu zvekugadzira bepa rekunyora, pepa rekudhinda, uye yakakwirira-simba rekurongedza zvinhu.

Hardwood

• Fiber Length: Yakatenderedza 1.0 kusvika 1.7 mm.
• Pulp Yield: Kazhinji 40% kusvika 50%.
• Hunhu: Hardwood fibers ipfupi kana ichienzaniswa nesoftwood. Kunyange zvazvo vachibudisa mapepa ane simba rakaderera, ivo vanowanzosanganiswa ne softwood pulp kuti vagadzire pepa repakati kusvika kuzasi-giredhi rekudhinda uye mapepa.

Zvekurima uye Zvirimwa-Based Materials

Kupfuura huni, zvakati wandei zvekurima ne-zvigadzirwa uye zvirimwa zvakakosha mukugadzira mapepa, zvinopa kusimba uye kudhura-kubudirira.

Mashanga neGorosi

• Fiber Length: Inenge 1.0 kusvika 2.0 mm.
• Pulp Yield: 30% kusvika 40%.
• Hunhu: Izvi zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya uye zvinodhura-zvinoshanda mbishi zvinhu. Kunyange zvazvo goho ravo remapulp risina kunyanya kukwira, vakakodzera kugadzira mapepa etsika uye mapepa ekurongedza.

Bamboo

• Fiber Length: Range kubva 1.5 kusvika 3.5 mm.
• Pulp Yield: 40% kusvika 50%.
• Hunhu: Bamboo fibers vane zvivakwa padyo nehuni, zvine simba rakanaka. Chii zvakare, bamboo ine kupfupika kwekukura kutenderera uye yakasimba kuvandudzwa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha imwe nzira kune huni. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mapepa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira bepa retsika uye pepa rekurongedza.

Bagasse

• Fiber Length: 0.5 kusvika 2.0 mm.
• Pulp Yield: 35% kusvika 55%.
• Hunhu: Semarara ekurima, bagasse yakapfuma muzviwanikwa. Hurefu hwayo hwefiber hunosiyana zvakanyanya, asi mushure mekugadzirisa, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira pepa rekurongedza uye pepa retishu.

Pepa Rarasika: Sarudzo Yakasimba

Pepa remarara rinoita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hwedenderedzwa hweindasitiri yekugadzira mapepa.

• Fiber Length: 0.7 kusvika 2.5 mm. Semuyenzaniso, faibha dziri muhofisi marara bepa ipfupi, kutenderedza 1 mm, nepo iwo ari mune mamwe ekurongedza marara bepa anogona kureba.
• Pulp Yield: Inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi, mhando, uye tekinoroji yekugadzira mapepa emarara, kazhinji kubva pa60% kusvika 85%. Makombi emarara ekare (OCC) anogona kuva negoho rechikamu chinosvika 75% kusvika 85% mushure mekurapwa zvakanaka, ukuwo mapepa emarara emuhofisi akasanganiswa achiwanzova negoho re60% kusvika 70%.
• Hunhu: Kushandisa bepa rakaraswa sechinhu chisina kubikwa kunoenderana nenharaunda uye kune goho repamusoro. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mapepa akadzokororwa uye mapepa ane makora, achibatsira mukuchengetedza zviwanikwa uye kuderedza marara.

Key Processing Notes

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti pulping maitiro anosiyana kune akasiyana mbishi zvinhu.Huni, bamboo, mashanga, uye madzinde egorosi zvinoda kubikwapanguva yekuputika. Iyi nzira inoshandisa makemikari kana kupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidza kubvisa zvisiri-fibrous zvikamu se lignin uye hemicellulose, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafiber akaparadzaniswa uye akagadzirira kugadzira mapepa.

Kusiyana neizvi, tsvina mapepa pulping haidi kubika. Pane kudaro, zvinosanganisira maitiro akaita sekuita deinking uye kuongorora kubvisa tsvina uye kugadzirira mafiber kuti ashandiswezve.

Kunzwisisa zvimiro zvezvinhu izvi mbishi kwakakosha kune vanogadzira mapepa kuti vasarudze zvinhu zvakanaka zvezvigadzirwa zvavo, kuenzanisa mhando, mutengo, uye kusimba. Kungave kusimba kwesoftwood fibers kana eco-hushamwari hwebepa remarara, chinhu chega chega chinopa chakasarudzika kune akasiyana nyika yezvigadzirwa zvemapepa.