Mukugadzira michina yemapepa, mipumburu yakasiyana-siyana inoita basa rinokosha, kubva pakubvisa mvura yemawebhu epepa akanyorova kusvika pakugadzika kwemapepa akaoma. Seimwe yeakakosha matekinoroji mukugadzirwa kwemapepa emuchina, "korona" - kunyangwe inoratidzika kunge diki mutsauko wejometri inosanganisirwa - inotarisisa zvakananga kufanana uye kugadzikana kwemhando yepepa. Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora zvakadzama tekinoroji yekorona yemapepa emuchina anodonhedza kubva kuzvikamu zvetsanangudzo, misimboti yekushanda, kupatsanura, zvakakosha zvinopesvedzera zvinhu mukugadzira, nekugadzirisa, zvichiburitsa kukosha kwayo kwakakosha mukugadzira mapepa.

1. Tsanangudzo yeKorona: Basa Rinokosha muKusiyana Kuduku

"Korona" (inotsanangurwa muChirungu se "Crown") inonyatso reva chimiro chejometri chemichina yemapepa anokunguruka achitevedza axial direction (kureba). Iyo dhayamita yepakati yepakati yemuviri roll yakakura zvishoma pane iyo yekupedzisira nzvimbo, ichiita contour yakafanana ne "waist drum". Uyu musiyano wedhayamita unowanzo kuyerwa mumamicrometer (μm), uye kukosha kwekorona yemamwe mahombe ekudhinda anogona kutosvika 0.1-0.5 mm.

Chiratidzo chepakati chekuyera korona yekugadzira ndiyo "korona kukosha", iyo inoverengwa semusiyano pakati pehupamhi hwehupamhi hwemuviri we roll (kazhinji pakati peiyo axial direction) uye dhayamita yemupumburu unopera. Muchidimbu, dhizaini yekorona inosanganisira kuseta iyi diki dhayamita mutsauko kumisa "yepakati sag" deformation yemupumburu unokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita sesimba uye shanduko yekushisa panguva yekushanda chaiko. Pakupedzisira, inowana kugovera kwakafanana kwekumanikidzwa kwekusangana mukati mehupamhi hwese kweiyo roll pamusoro uye mapepa ewebhu (kana zvimwe zvinosanganisirwa zvikamu), achiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwemhando yepepa.

2. Core Mabasa eKorona: Kubhadhara Deformation uye Kuchengetedza Uniform Pressure

Munguva yekushanda kwemapepa muchina rolls, deformation haidzivisike nekuda kwekuremerwa kwemuchina, shanduko yekushisa, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Pasina dhizaini yekorona, deformation iyi inotungamira kune kusaenzana kwekumanikidzana pakati peiyo roll pamusoro uye webhu pepa - "kumanikidza kwakakwira kumigumo miviri uye kuderera kudzvinyirira pakati" - zvichikonzera zvakananga zvinhu zvakakomba zvemhando senge kusaenzana kwehuremu uye kusaenzana kwemvura yepepa. Iko kukosha kwekorona kuri mukushingairira kubhadhara kune uku deformation, iyo inonyatso kuratidzwa mune zvinotevera zvinhu:

2.1 Kubhadharira Roll Bending Deformation

Kana ma core rolls emichina yemapepa, senge press rolls nemacalender rolls, ari kushanda, anofanirwa kuisa dzvinyiriro huru kuwebhu yemapepa. Semuyenzaniso, mutsara kudzvanywa kwematanho ekudhinda anogona kusvika 100-500 kN/m. Kune mipumburu ine hombe-kusvika-dhayamita reshiyo (semuenzaniso, kureba kwemapumburu mumapepa akafara-fara michina inogona kuita 8-12 metres), elastic deformation yekudzika yakadzika pakati inoitika pasi pekumanikidzwa, yakafanana ne "danda remapfudzi richikotama pasi pemutoro". Iyi deformation inokonzeresa kudzvanya kwekubata pakati pemapumburu uye mapepa ewebhu, nepo kudzvanywa kuri pakati hakukwani. Nekuda kweizvozvo, dandemutande remapepa rinobva ranyura-mvura kumativi ese ari maviri (zvichikonzera kuoma kwakanyanya uye huremu hushoma) uye pasi-kudirwa mvura pakati (zvichikonzera kuoma kwakaderera uye huremu hwepamusoro).

Zvisinei, chimiro che "drum-shaped" chekugadzirwa kwekorona chinovimbisa kuti mushure mokunge mupumburu unokotama, iyo yose yepamusoro yepumburu inoramba ichibatana pamwe chete newebhu yepapepa, ichiwana yunifomu yekumanikidza kugoverwa. Izvi zvinonyatsogadzirisa njodzi dzemhando dzinokonzerwa nekukotama deformation.

2.2 Kubhadharira Roll Thermal Deformation

Mimwe mipumburu, senge magidhi rolls uye calender rolls muchikamu chekuomeswa, inowedzera kupisa panguva yekushanda nekuda kwekusangana nepamusoro-tembiricha mapepa ewebhu uye kupisa kwemhepo. Sezvo chikamu chepakati chemuviri wepumburu chakanyanya kupisa (migumo yakabatana nemabheji uye inobvisa kupisa nekukurumidza), kuwedzera kwayo kwekushisa kwakakura kudarika iyo yemagumo, zvichiita kuti "pakati pepakati" yemuviri roll. Muchiitiko ichi, kushandiswa kwekorona yakajairwa dhizaini kuchawedzera kusaenzana kwekumanikidzana. Naizvozvo, "korona isina kunaka" (apo dhayamita yechikamu chepakati idiki zvishoma pane iyo yemigumo, inozivikanwawo se "korona reverse") inoda kugadzirwa kuti igadzirise iyo yakawedzera bulge inokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekupisa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti yunifomu yekubata kumanikidza pane roll pamusoro.

2.3 Kutsiva Kusaenzana Roll Surface Wear

Munguva yekushanda kwenguva refu, mamwe ma rolls (akadai semapumburu erubha) anowanzo dhumhana pamicheto yewebhu yemapepa (sezvo micheto yewebhu yemapepa inowanzotakura tsvina), zvichikonzera kukurumidza kupera kumagumo kupfuura pakati. Pasina kugadzirwa kwekorona, iyo roll surface icharatidza "bulge pakati uye sag pamigumo" mushure mekupfeka, izvo zvinokanganisa kugovera kudzvinyirira. Nekumisikidza korona, kufanana kweiyo roll surface contour inogona kuchengetedzwa muchikamu chekutanga chekupfeka, kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yemupumburu uye kuderedza kushanduka kwekugadzira kunokonzerwa nekupfeka.

3. Kurongeka kweKorona: Zvisarudzo zveUnyanzvi Zvakagadziriswa kune Mamiriro Ekushanda Akasiyana

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemuchina wepepa (yakaderera-kumhanya / yakakwira-kumhanya, yakamanikana-hupamhi / yakafara-hupamhi), roll basa (kudzvanya / calendering / kutungamira), uye maitiro ezvinodiwa, korona inogona kukamurwa mumhando dzakasiyana. Mhando dzakasiyana dzekorona dzinosiyana mumaitiro ekugadzira, nzira dzekugadzirisa, uye mamiriro ekushandisa, sekutsanangurwa kwazvino patafura inotevera:

4. Makiyi Anopesvedzera Zvinhu muCrown Dhizaini: Yechokwadi Kuverengera Kuchinja kune Zvinodiwa Kugadzirwa

Iko kukosha kwekorona hakugadzirwe zvisina tsarukano; inoda kuverengerwa zvakakwana zvichibva pane roll parameters uye process mamiriro kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinopesvedzera dhizaini yekorona kunyanya zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:

4.1 Roll Dimensions uye Material

1. Roll Body Length (L): Iyo yakareba iyo roll body, iyo yakakura kubhenda deformation pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakafanana, uye nekudaro yakakura kukosha kwekorona inodiwa. Semuyenzaniso, marefu marefu mumichina yemapepa yakafara-fara inoda kukosha kwekorona yakakura pane mapfupi rolls mumashini akatetepa-akapamhama emapepa kutsiva deformation.
2. Roll Body Diameter (D): Iyo diki dhayamita yemuviri mupumburu, iyo yakaderera iyo kuomarara, uye iyo yakanyanya kutenderera mupumburu ndeye deformation pasi pekumanikidzwa. Nokudaro, kukosha kwekorona yakakura kunodiwa. Sezvineiwo, mipumburu ine dhayamita yakakura ine yakanyanya kuomarara, uye kukosha kwekorona kunogona kuderedzwa zvakakodzera.
3. Material Rigidity: Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvemiviri yemapumburu zvine zvakasiyana rigidities; semuenzaniso, mipumburu yesimbi ine yakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura simbi yakakandwa. Zvishandiso zvine yakaderera rigidity zvinoratidzira zvakanyanya kukosha deformation pasi pekumanikidzwa, ichida hombe kukosha kwekorona.

4.2 Operating Pressure (Linear Pressure)

Kudzvanywa kwekushanda (kumanikidza kwemutsara) kwemapumburu akadai semapepa ekudhinda uye calender rolls chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwekorona. Iyo yakakura kudzvanywa kwemutsara, iyo inonyanya kukosha kubhenda kwemuviri weroll, uye kukosha kwekorona kunoda kuwedzerwa zvinoenderana nekumisa deformation. Hukama hwavo hunogona kuratidzwa nenzira yakareruka: Korona Kukosha H ≈ (P× L³)/(48×E×I), uko P ndiyo inomanikidza mutsara, L ndiyo kureba kwemupumburu, E ndiyo elastic modulus yezvinhu, uye ini inguva ye inertia yemuchinjiko-chikamu. Semuyenzaniso, mutsara wemutsetse wekudzvanya kwemapepa ekurongedza kazhinji anodarika 300 kN/m, saka kukosha kwekorona inowirirana kunoda kuva hombe pane iyo yemapumburu emapepa etsika ane mutsara wakaderera.

4.3 Muchina Yekumhanya uye Pepa Rudzi

1. Machine Speed: Kana mapepa emagetsi epamusoro-soro (kumhanya> 1200 m / min) ari kushanda, mapepa ewebhu anonyanya kunzwisiswa kumanikidziro akafanana pane ari mumichina yemapepa akaderera. Kunyangwe kushanduka kudiki kwesimba kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kunaka kwebepa. Naizvozvo, machina ekumhanyisa mapepa anowanzo tora "korona inodzoreka" kuona chaiyo-nguva muripo wekuchinja kwekuchinja uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwakagadzikana.
2. Pepa Type: Mapepa emhando dzakasiyana ane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekumanikidza kufanana. Bepa rematishu (semu, bepa rechimbuzi rine huremu hwe10-20 g/m²) rine huremu hwakaderera uye rinonyanya kunzwisiswa nekuchinja-chinja, kuchida kugadzirwa kwekorona yepamusoro. Mukupesana, bepa gobvu (semuenzaniso, makadhibhokisi ane hwaro huremu hwe150-400 g/m²) ine simba rakasimba rekushingirira kuchinjika, saka zvinodikanwa zvekorona chaiyo zvinogona kudzikiswa zvakafanira.

5. Common Crown Issues uye Maintenance: Kuongorora Nguva Yakakodzera Kuti Uve nechokwadi Chekugadzirwa Kwakagadzikana

Zvisina musoro dhizaini yekorona kana gadziriso isina kunaka ichakanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwepepa uye kukonzera nhevedzano yezvinetso zvekugadzira. Iwo akajairika korona nyaya uye anoenderana matanho ndeaya anotevera:

5.1 Yakanyanya Kukura Korona Kukosha

Kunyanya kukosha kwekorona kunotungamira kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya pakati peiyo roll pamusoro, zvichikonzera kuderera kwehuremu uye kuoma kwakanyanya kwepepa pakati. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvinogona kutokonzera "kupwanya" (kuputsika kwefiber), kukanganisa simba uye kuonekwa kwepepa.

Countermeasures: Kune yakagadziriswa korona mipumburu inoshandiswa mumashini epasi-anomhanya mapepa, zvinodikanwa kutsiva mipumburu neiyo yakakodzera korona kukosha. Kune inodzoreka korona inotenderera mumachina-anomhanya mapepa emuchina, iyo hydraulic kana pneumatic pressure inogona kudzikiswa kuburikidza neinodzoreka korona system kudzikisa kukosha kwekorona kudzamara kugovaniswa kwaita yunifomu.

5.2 Yakanyanya Diki Korona Kukosha

Kunyanya kuderera kwekorona kukosha kunoguma nekusakwana kudzvinyirira pakati pepamusoro pepumburu, zvichiita kuti pasave nemvura yakakwana yepepa pakati, pasi kuoma, huremu hwepamusoro, uye kukanganisa kwehutano hwakadai se "nzvimbo dzakanyorova". Panguva imwecheteyo, inogonawo kukanganisa kushanda kwemaitiro anotevera ekuomesa.

Countermeasures: Kune yakagadziriswa korona rolls, iyo roll body inoda kudzokororwa kuti iwedzere kukosha kwekorona. Kune inodzoreka korona inotenderera, iyo hydraulic kana pneumatic pressure inogona kuwedzerwa kusimudza kukosha kwekorona, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kudzvanywa kuri pakati kunosangana nezvinodiwa maitiro.

5.3 Kupfeka Kusina Kuenzana kweCrown Contour

Mushure mekushanda kwenguva refu, iyo roll surface inosangana nekupfeka. Kana kupfeka kusina kuenzana, korona yekorona ichave yakaremara, uye "mavara asina kuenzana" achaonekwa pamusoro pemupumburu. Izvi zvinowedzera kukanganisa kwakadai se "mitsetse" uye "indentations" papepa, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kutaridzika kwebepa.

Countermeasures: Nguva dzose kuongorora roll pamusoro. Kana mapfekero asvika pane imwe nhanho, kugaya nenguva uye gadzirisa roll pamusoro (semuenzaniso, regrind iyo korona contour yepress rubber rolls) kudzoreredza chimiro chakajairika uye saizi yekorona uye kudzivirira kupfeka zvakanyanya kubva pakukanganisa kugadzirwa.

6. Mhedziso

Senge tekinoroji inoita seyakajeka asi yakakosha, korona yemuchina wemapepa ndiyo musimboti wekuona yunifomu yemapepa mhando. Kubva pakorona yakagadzika mumichina yemapepa yakaderera kusvika kukorona inodzoreka mumichina yepamusoro-yepamusoro, yakafara-pahupamhi yemapepa, kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwekorona tekinoroji kwagara kwakanangana nedonzvo guru re "kubhadharira deformation uye kuwana yunifomu kumanikidza", kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana kugadzira mapepa mamiriro ekushanda. Inonzwisisika korona dhizaini haingogadzirise matambudziko emhando senge asina kuenzana bepa hwaro huremu uye kuderera kwemvura asi zvakare inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemichina yemapepa (kuderedza huwandu hwemapepa ekutsemuka) uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba (kunzvenga kuomesa). Iyo inokosha yakakosha tsigiro yehunyanzvi mukusimudzira indasitiri yemapepa yakanangana ne "mhando yepamusoro, kushanda nesimba, uye kushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa". Mukugadzirwa kwemapepa kunotevera, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemidziyo chaiyo uye nekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa kwemaitiro, tekinoroji yekorona inozowedzera kucheneswa uye nehungwaru, zvichibatsira zvakanyanya mukusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro yeindasitiri yemapepa.