Mukuita kwese kwekugadzira mapepa e "pulping - papermaking - finishing", muchina wekuchenesa chinhu chakakosha chinosarudza mashandiro efiber uye mhando yepepa. Kuburikidza nemabasa epanyama, emakemikari, kana akabatanidzwa emakanika uye emakemikari, unocheka, unopfapfaidza, 帚化 (fibrillation), uye unonatsa pulp fibers, zvichiita kuti fibers dzakareruka dzigadzire simba rakasimba rekubatanidza, uye pakupedzisira unopa bepa mashandiro makuru akadai sesimba, kufanana, uye kunyudzwa kweinki. Kubva kumagayo ematombo echinyakare kusvika kumidziyo yemazuva ano ine njere, tekinoroji yekudzokorora kwevagadziri vemapepa yakagara yakatarisana nemisimboti mitatu mikuru ye "kushanda zvakanyanya, kunyatsojeka, uye kuchengetedza simba", ichiva rutsigiro rwakakosha rwekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira mapepa.

I. Mabasa Makuru uye Nheyo Yekushanda Kwevanonatsa

Basa guru remugadziri wezvinhu ndere "kuvandudza chimiro chefiber", uye musimboti wekushanda kwayo unogona kupfupikiswa se "kugadzirisa fiber pasi pekushanda kwemuchina":

• Nheyo Yekutanga: Kana pulp inopfuura nepakati pemadhisiki emuchina wekuchenesa (kana kuti marolls), inoiswa pasi pesimba remagetsi rakafanana nekugerwa, kubudiswa, uye kukanyiwa. Madziro emasero efiber anotsemuka kuita microfibrils, uye pamusoro payo panogadzira chimiro chakasimba chefibrillated. Panguva imwe chete, fibers dzakareba zvakanyanya dzinochekwa zvakakodzera, zvichiita kuti kugoverwa kwefiber kuenderane nezvinodiwa pakugadzira mapepa.
• Mabasa Epakati: Chekutanga, vandudza simba rekubatanidza fiber kuti pepa rive nesimba rakakwana rekudhonza, simba rekubvarura, uye simba rekuputika; chechipiri, wedzera kufanana kwekubatanidza fiber kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti pepa rakaenzana uye rakatsetseka; chechitatu, gadzirisa zvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemapepa, senge pepa retsika rinoda fiber dzakatetepa kuti riwedzere kudhindwa, uye pepa rekurongedza rinoda fiber dzakakora uye refu kuti riwedzere kuomarara.

II. Mhando Huru uye Hunhu hwehunyanzvi hweVagadziri vezvinhu

Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemaumbirwo, nzira dzekushanda, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa, vagadziri vemapepa vakajairika muindasitiri yekugadzira mapepa vakakamurwa zvikuru muzvikamu zvina zvinotevera, chimwe nechimwe chine chinangwa chayo chehunyanzvi uye huwandu hwekushandiswa:

1. Muchina wekuchenesa madhisiki

• Hunhu hweMaumbirwo: Yakagadzirwa nedhisiki rakagadzika (dhisiki risingachinji) uye dhisiki rinotenderera (dhisiki rinotenderera). Pamusoro pedhisiki pane nzvimbo dzekukuya dzine maumbirwo akasiyana emazino (akadai seserrated, trapezoidal, spiral), uye kusimba kwekunatswa kunodzorwa nekugadzirisa nzvimbo yedhisiki.
• Zvakanakira zvehunyanzvi: Kushanda zvakanaka pakunatsa, kugadziriswa kwemafiber akafanana. Inogona kuchinjika kune akasiyana-siyana mapulps (pulp yehuni, straw pulp, pulp yepepa rakarasika) nekutsiva maumbirwo emadhisiki, zvichiita kuti ive michina inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekunatsa inofukidza mapepa etsika, mapepa ekurongedza, mapepa echimbuzi, nemamwe marudzi emapepa.
• Mhando dzemhando: Muchina wedhisiki rimwe chete (unoshanda kune rimwe divi redhisiki), muchina wedhisiki mbiri (unoshanda kumativi ese edhisiki panguva imwe chete), muchina wedhisiki nhatu (dhisiki repakati rakamira + madhisiki maviri anotenderera padivi, kushanda zvakanaka kwakanyanya).

2. Muchina wekuchenesa une denderedzwa remakona

• Hunhu hweMaumbirwo: Inoshandisa musanganiswa we conical stator ne rotor. Pulp inofamba ichitenderera nemukana we conical, ichichekwa uye ichiburitswa nguva nenguva. Kusimba kwekunatswa kunogona kudzorwa nemazvo nekugadzirisa mukana we conical.
• Zvakanakira zvehunyanzvi: Kucheka fiber shoma, mhedzisiro yakanaka yefibrillation, yakakodzera mhando dzemapepa dzinoda kuchengetedza fiber yakareba (senge kraft paper, linerboard). Ine kugadzikana kwakasimba kwekushanda uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, inowanzoshandiswa pakunatswa kwechipiri kwepepa remarara kana kugadzirisa pulp yemhando yepamusoro.

3. Muchina wekuchenesa weCylindrical

• Hunhu hweMaumbirwo: Yakagadzirwa neroro rekukuya rakaita sedenderedzwa uye ndiro yekukuya yakaita searc. Pamusoro peroro rekukuya rakashongedzwa nemazino ekukuya akachinjika kana kuti akatenderera. Kutenderera kweroro rekukuya kunoita kuti pulp ifambe uye kupedzisa maitiro ekunatsa.
• Zvakanakira zvehunyanzvi: Inotsungirira zvakanyanya tsvina (yakadai sejecha, zvidimbu zvepurasitiki) mu pulp, hazvisi nyore kuvharika. Yakakodzera kukuya pulp yepepa rakaora kana kugadzirisa zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvakaita se straw pulp, inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirisa mapuranga epamberi.

4. Muchina wekuchenesa une mwero wakakwirira

• Hunhu hweMaumbirwo: Yakakodzera nzvimbo dzine pulp dzakasimba (15%-40%). Inoshandisa mudziyo wekudyisa wakakosha (senge screw feeder) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti pulp inopinda munzvimbo yekukuya. Chimiro chezino redhisiki chinonyanya kuve nedhizaini yakakura uye yakakura kuti iwedzere kunaka kwekukanya fiber.
• Zvakanakira zvehunyanzvi: Dhigirii repamusoro refiber fibrillation, simba rakasimba rekubatanidza, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kusimba kwepepa. Munzvimbo dzine kugadzikana kwakanyanya, kucheka fiber kushoma uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera. Yakakodzera kunatswa zvakanaka kwemhando dzemapepa emhando yepamusoro (senge bepa rakaputirwa, bepa rehunyanzvi) kana kugadziriswa kwepulp kunoda fiber bonding yakasimba kwazvo.

III. Zvimiro Zvikuru zveUnyanzvi uye Nheyo dzeKusarudza Vagadziri veMagetsi

1. MaParamita Ehunyanzvi Hwepakati

• Kugadzirisa Kusachinja-chinja: Yakakamurwa kuita kuenzana kwakaderera (≤8%), kuenzana kwepakati (8%-15%), uye kuenzana kwakanyanya (≥15%). Kuenzana kunokanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchenesa uye chimiro chefiber, zvakaita sekuchenesa kwakakwirira kunotarisa pa fibrillation uye kuchenesa kwakaderera kunotarisa pakucheka.
• Mukana weDisiki: Chinhu chakakosha chinoona kusimba kwekuchenesa. Kana mukaha mudiki, kusimba kwekuchenesa kwacho kwakakwira. Chinofanira kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nerudzi rwepepa uye hunhu hwepulp (kazhinji inodzorwa pa 0.1-1.0mm).
• Chimiro cheDisiki reZino uye Upamhi hweZino: Chimiro chezino chinokanganisa mashandiro anoita shinda (chimiro chezino remhando yekucheka chakakodzera kucheka, chimiro chezino remhando yekukanya chakakodzera fibrillation). Upamhi hwezino hunosarudza nzvimbo yekugunzva, iyo inofanirwa kuenderana nerudzi rwepulp uye chinangwa chekunatsa.
• Simba reMotokari uye Kumhanya Kwekutenderera: Simba rinoona kugona kwekuchenesa (kazhinji 55-1000kW), uye kumhanya kwekutenderera kunokanganisa kumhanya kwedhisiki (kazhinji 1500-3000r/min). Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunoreva simba rakasimba rekuchekerera, rakakodzera zvinodiwa pakuchekerera kwakasimba.
• Kugona: Inosarudzwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwemutsetse wekugadzira. Kugona kwemuchina mumwe chete kunowanzova 5-100t/d, uye mitsetse mikuru yekugadzira inogona kushandisa mayuniti akawanda kana magadzirirwo akafanana.

2. Nheyo dzeKusarudza Huru

• Gadzirisa Zvinodiwa zveRudzi rwePepa: Pamapepa ekurongedza ane simba guru, zvinokosheswa zvinopihwa kune vanogadzirisa zvinhu zvakanyanya kana vanogadzirisa zvinhu zvine makona; pamapepa akanaka, vanogadzirisa zvinhu zvine madhisiki maviri kana vanogadzirisa zvinhu zvine madhisiki matatu zvinogona kusarudzwa; pakugadzirisa mapepa emarara, vanogadzirisa zvinhu zvine cylindrical kana vanogadzirisa madhisiki vasingatsvedzeri zvinosarudzwa.
• Hunhu hweMatch Pulp: Pulp yehuni ine mafiber marefu, saka tarisa pa fibrillation, uye vanonatsa vane static high-consistency kana kuti vanonatsa conical vanosarudzwa; straw pulp ine mafiber mapfupi, saka mwero wekucheka unofanirwa kudzorwa, uye vanonatsa ma disc vasina static zvakanyanya vanosarudzwa; pulp yepepa remarara ine tsvina yakawanda, saka michina inodzivirira kuvharika inofanira kusarudzwa.
• Kushanda Nesimba Rakaenzana Uye Kushandiswa Kwesimba: Kana zvabatanidzwa nezvinodiwa zvemitsetse yekugadzira, sarudza michina inoshandisa simba shoma uye inoshanda zvakanyanya pakunatsa. Semuenzaniso, mitsetse mikuru yekugadzira inogona kushandisa michina inonatsa madhisiki matatu, uye mitsetse midiki nepakati yekugadzira inogona kushandisa michina inonatsa madhisiki rimwe chete kana michina inonatsa madhisiki maviri.
• Funga Nezvekuchinjika Kwakangwara: Vagadziri vemazuva ano vane masisitimu ekudzora ePLC, ayo anogona kuona nguva chaiyo yekutarisa maitiro ekuchenesa (senge kureba kwefiber, kugadzikana kwepulp, mamiriro ekupfeka madhisiki) uye otomatiki kudzora kweclosed-loop. Pakusarudza, zvakakosha kubatanidza huwandu hwehungwaru hwemutsetse wekugadzira uye kupa pekutanga michina inogona kubatanidzwa ne network uye iri nyore kuchengetedza.

IV. Maitiro Ekuvandudza Tekinoroji yeVagadziri veMagetsi

Nekushandurwa kweindasitiri yekugadzira mapepa kuenda ku "green low-carbon, high-efficiency intelligence, uye high-quality", tekinoroji yekunatsa inopa nzira nhatu huru dzekuvandudza:

• Kuvandudza Kwakangwara: Sanganisa masensa, Internet of Things, uye tekinoroji yeAI kuti uonekwe panguva chaiyo kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa uye kudzora otomatiki, zvichivandudza kunyatsogadzirisa uye kugadzikana.
• Kuvandudza Kuchengetedza Simba: Gadzirisa dhizaini yemadhisiki (senge chimiro chezino re bionic), shandisa mota dzinoshanda zvakanyanya uye tekinoroji yekudzora kumhanya kwekushandura frequency kuti uderedze kushandiswa kwesimba rekuchenesa mayuniti. Mamwe magadzirirwo matsva anoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba ne15%-30% zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo yechinyakare.
• Kubatanidzwa Kwemabasa Akawanda: Gadzira michina yakabatanidzwa ye "kuchenesa - kuongorora - kuchenesa" kuderedza maitiro ekugadzira uye nzvimbo yepasi pemidziyo; tarisa zvinodiwa nemapepa akakosha, gadzira michina yakakosha yekunatsa (yakadai seyekunatsa fiber zvakanyanya, michina yakakosha yebio-mechanical pulp) kuwedzera mamiriro ekushandisa.

Se "chinhu chikuru" chekugadzira mapepa, hunyanzvi hwevagadziri vemapepa hune chekuita zvakananga nehunhu hwemapepa, kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza. Mukati meindasitiri yekugadzira mapepa iri kutsvaga budiriro yepamusoro, kusarudza mhando dzakakodzera dzevagadziri vemapepa, kugadzirisa hunyanzvi hwakakosha, uye kuenderana nemafambiro ekuvandudza kwehungwaru nekuchengetedza simba zvichave vimbiso yakakosha kumabhizinesi ekusimudzira makwikwi avo epakati.