Kwakabva Kraft Pepa

Kraft PaperIzwi rinoenderana nerokuti "simba" muchiGerman ndi"dehwe remombe".

Pakutanga, iyo yakabikwa yebepa yaive mamvemve uye yakaviriswa pulp yaishandiswa.Mushure mezvo, nekugadzirwa kwecrusher, iyo mechanical pulping method yakagamuchirwa, uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa kuita fibrous zvinhu kuburikidza necrusher.Muna 1750, Herinda Bita wokuNetherlands akagadzira muchina wemapepa, uye kugadzirwa kwepepa kukuru kwakatanga.Kudiwa kwekugadzira mapepa mbishi zvinhu zvakapfuura zvakanyanya kupihwa.
Naizvozvo, mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19, vanhu vakatanga kutsvakurudza nekugadzira mamwe magadzirirwo emapepa.Muna 1845, Keira akagadzira pasi pehuni pulp.Rudzi urwu rwepulp inogadzirwa kubva muhuni uye inopwanyika kuita fiber kuburikidza ne hydraulic kana mechanical pressure.Zvisinei, pasi pehuni pulp inochengetedza zvinenge zvese zvikamu zvehuni, ine mafupi uye akaoma fiber, kuchena kwakaderera, simba risina simba, uye nyore yellowing mushure mekuchengetedza kwenguva refu.Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwepulp rine chiyero chekushandiswa kwepamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera.Kukuya pulp yehuni kunowanzoshandiswa kugadzira newsprint uye kadhibhodhi.

Muna 1857, Hutton akagadzira makemikari pulp.Rudzi urwu rwepulp runogona kukamurwa kuita sulfite pulp, sulfate pulp, uye caustic soda pulp, zvichienderana neiyo delignification agent inoshandiswa.Iyo caustic soda pulping nzira yakagadzirwa naHardon inosanganisira kupfungaira mbishi mumhinduro ye sodium hydroxide pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidza.Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa kumiti ine mashizha makuru uye dzinde semiti yemiti.
Muna 1866, Chiruman akawana sulfite pulp, iyo yakagadzirwa nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakasvibirira kune acidic sulfite solution ine yakawandisa sulfite uye kuibika pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro uye kumanikidzwa kubvisa tsvina yakadai se lignin kubva mumiti yemiti.Bleached pulp uye huni huni hwakasanganiswa pamwe chete hunogona kushandiswa semidziyo yezvinyorwa zvepepanhau, nepo bleached pulp yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwepepa repamusoro uye repakati-renji.
Muna 1883, Daru akagadzira sulfate pulp, iyo inoshandisa musanganiswa we sodium hydroxide uye sodium sulfide ye-high-pressure uye yakakwirira-kupisa kubika.Nekuda kwesimba rakawanda refiber ye pulp inogadzirwa nenzira iyi, inonzi "cowde pulp".Kraft pulp inonetsa kubvongodza nekuda kwekusara kwebrown lignin, asi ine simba rakawanda, saka iro rakagadzirwa kraft bepa rakanyanya kukodzera kurongedza bepa.Bleached pulp inogonawo kuwedzerwa kune mamwe mapepa kugadzira pepa rekudhinda, asi rinonyanya kushandiswa kraft paper uye corrugated paper.Pakazere, kubva pakabuda kemikari pulp senge sulfite pulp uye sulfate pulp, bepa rakashanduka kubva kuchinhu cheumbozha kuita chinhu chakachipa.
Muna 1907, Europe yakagadzira sulfite pulp uye hemp yakasanganiswa pulp.Mugore rimwe chetero, United States yakagadzira yekutanga kraft paper fekitori.Bates anozivikanwa semuvambi we "kraft paper bags".Akatanga ashandisa kraft bepa rekurongedza munyu uye akazowana patent ye "Bates pulp".
Muna 1918, zvose United States neGermany zvakatanga kugadzira mabhegi emapepa e kraft.Houston "kuchinjika kwepepa rinorema rekurongedza" chirevo chakatangawo kubuda panguva iyoyo.
Santo Rekis Paper Company iri kuUnited States yakabudirira kupinda mumusika weEurope ichishandisa tekinoroji yekusonesa mabhegi, iyo yakazounzwa kuJapan muna 1927.